2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
  4. Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO)

Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO)

Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO)

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Indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO) is an inflammatory cytokine-inducible rate-limiting enzyme of the tryptophan (Trp) catabolism, which is involved in the inhibition of intracellular pathogen replication as well as in immunomodulation. To date, three types of tryptophan-metabolizing enzymes have been identified: IDO1, IDO2 and tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase 2.

IDO is an intracellular enzyme that is constitutively expressed in several human and mouse cells. Being present in innate immune cells, such as Mos and dendritic cells (DCs), IDO catalyzes the initial rate-limiting step of tryptophan (Trp) catabolism, thus leading to the production of immunoregulatory catabolites (collectively known as kynurenines).

The IDO gene promoter contains multiple sequence elements that confer responsiveness to proinflammatory mediators, thereby demonstrating the strong correlation between inflammation and induced IDO expression.

Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO) Isoform Specific Products:

Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO) Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-15760
    Necrostatin-1
    		Inhibitor 99.89%
    Necrostatin-1 (Nec-1) is a potent and cross the blood-brain barrier necroptosis inhibitor with an EC50 of 490 nM in Jurkat cells. Necrostatin-1 inhibits RIP1 kinase (EC50=182 nM). Necrostatin-1 is also an IDO inhibitor.
    Necrostatin-1
  • HY-15689
    Epacadostat
    		Inhibitor 99.65%
    Epacadostat (INCB 024360) is a potent and selective indoleamine 2,3-dioxigenase 1 (IDO1) inhibitor with an IC50 of 71.8 nM. Epacadostat can effectively reduce Trp metabolism, entailing increased activation and maturation of dendritic cells, and enhanced proliferation of effector T cells and natural killer cells (NKs), as well as attenuated Tregs expansion.
    Epacadostat
  • HY-108331
    3-TYP
    		Inhibitor 99.96%
    3-TYP is an inhibitor of SIRT3 (IC50of 38 μM) and an inhibitor of Methionine Adenosyltransferase (MAT) 2 and Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO). There may be many off-target sites for 3-TYP that need to be examined, such as NAD-dependent enzymes, including dehydrogenases.
    3-TYP
  • HY-16724
    Indoximod
    		Inhibitor 99.85%
    Indoximod (1-Methyl-D-tryptophan) is an orally active indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) pathway inhibitor. Indoximod acts as a Trp mimetic in regulating mTOR. Indoximod is an immunometabolic adjuvant used for the research of cancer.
    Indoximod
  • HY-13555
    β-Lapachone
    		99.96%
    β-Lapachone (ARQ-501;NSC-26326) is a naturally occurring O-naphthoquinone, acts as a topoisomerase I inhibitor, and induces apoptosis by inhibiting cell cycle progression.
    β-Lapachone
  • HY-184129
    IDO1/TDO-IN-15
    		Inhibitor
    IDO1/TDO-IN-15 is a dual IDO1/TDO inhibitor with an IDO1 IC50 of 0.19 μM and a TDO IC50 of 0.37 μM. IDO1/TDO-IN-15 is applicable to the research of cancer and Alzheimer's disease.
    IDO1/TDO-IN-15
  • HY-184079
    TDO2-IN-2
    TDO2-IN-2 (5-(5H-imidazo[5,1-a]isoindol-5-yl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-4-ol) is a TDO2 inhibitor. TDO2-IN-2 is applicable for cancer research.
    TDO2-IN-2
  • HY-W1011921
    TDO2-IN-3
    TDO2-IN-3 (Compound 21) is a selective TDO2 inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.34 μM. TDO2-IN-3 can be used in cancer-related research.
    TDO2-IN-3
  • HY-N0110
    Palmatine chloride
    		Inhibitor 99.87%
    Palmatine chloride is an orally active and irreversible indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO-1) inhibitor with IC50s of 3 μM and 157μM against HEK 293-hIDO-1 and rhIDO-1, respectively. Palmatine chloride can also inhibit West Nile virus (WNV) NS2B-NS3 protease in an uncompetitive manner with an IC50 of 96 μM. Palmatine chloride shows anti-cancer, anti-oxidation, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotection, antibacterial, anti-viral activities.
    Palmatine chloride
  • HY-101560
    Linrodostat
    		Inhibitor 99.81%
    Linrodostat (BMS-986205) is a selective and irreversible indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) inhibitor with an IC50 value of 1.1 nM in IDO1-HEK293 cells. Linrodostat is well tolerated with potent pharmacodynamic activity in advanced cancers.
    Linrodostat
  • HY-101111
    PF-06840003
    		Inhibitor 99.87%
    PF-06840003 (EOS200271) is a highly selective, orally active and brain-penetrant IDO-1 inhibitor with IC50s of 0.41 μM, 0.59 μM, and 1.5 μM for hIDO-1, dIDO-1, and mIDO-1, respectively.
    PF-06840003
  • HY-N0736
    Coptisine chloride
    		Inhibitor 99.73%
    Coptisine chloride is an alkaloid from Chinese goldthread, and acts as an efficient uncompetitive IDO inhibitor with a Ki value of 5.8 μM and an IC50 value of 6.3 μM. Coptisine chloride is a potent H1N1 neuraminidase (NA-1) inhibitor with an IC50 of 104.6?μg/mL and can be used for influenza A (H1N1) infection.
    Coptisine chloride
  • HY-N0707
    (S)-Indoximod
    		Inhibitor 99.47%
    (S)-Indoximod (1-Methyl-L-tryptophan) is an inhibitor of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) (Ki: 19 μM). (S)-Indoximod can be used for the research of cancer and neurological disease.
    (S)-Indoximod
  • HY-33298
    LM10
    		Inhibitor 99.94%
    LM10 is a potent inhibitor of tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO). Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) is an unrelated hepatic enzyme that also degrades tryptophan along the kynurenine pathway. LM10 has the potential for the research of cancer diseases.
    LM10
  • HY-N0353
    Curdione
    		99.80%
    Curdione ((+)-Curdione) is an orally active sesquiterpenoid. Curdione inhibits platelet aggregation. Curdione induces ferroptosis in colorectal cancer via m6A methylation mediated by METTL14 and YTHDF2. Curdione inhibits ferroptosis in Isoproterenol (HY-B0468)-induced myocardial infarction by regulating the Keap1/Trx1/GPX4 signaling pathway, suppressing oxidative stress (ROS) and apoptosis. Curdione ameliorates Doxorubicin (HY-15142)-induced cardiotoxicity by inhibiting oxidative stress (ROS) and activating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Curdione ameliorates sepsis-induced lung injury by inhibiting platelet-mediated neutrophil extracellular trap formation. Curdione ameliorates Bleomycin (HY-17565A)-induced pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting TGF-β-induced fibroblast-to-myofibroblast differentiation. Curdione exhibits neuroprotective effects against focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Curdione exerts antiproliferative effects against human uterine leiomyosarcoma by targeting IDO1. Curdione protects vascular endothelial cells and atherosclerosis by regulating DNMT1-mediated ERBB4 promoter methylation. Curdione inhibits inducible prostaglandin E2 production (IC50 = 1.1 μM) and cyclooxygenase 2 expression.
    Curdione
  • HY-13983
    IDO-IN-7
    		Inhibitor 99.80%
    IDO-IN-7 (NLG-919 analogue) is a a potent IDO1 inhibitor with an IC50 of 38 nM.
    IDO-IN-7
  • HY-151108
    IDO1/TDO-IN-4
    		Inhibitor 99.74%
    IDO1/TDO-IN-4 is a potent IDO1/TDO dual inhibitor, with IC50 values of 3.53 μM (IDO1) and 1.15 μM (TDO). IDO1/TDO-IN-4 forms hydrogen bond with IDO1, and π−π stacking interaction with TDO. IDO1/TDO-IN-4 can be used in the research of depression, and depression-induced infectious, metabolic, and autoimmune disorders.
    IDO1/TDO-IN-4
  • HY-133897
    (Rac)-Indoximod
    		Inhibitor 99.60%
    (Rac)-Indoximod (1-Methyl-DL-tryptophan) is an indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) inhibitor. Co-treatment with IFN-γ and (Rac)-Indoximod markedly reduces the activity of human cardiac myofibroblasts (hCMs) expressing α-SMA and induces apoptosis through up-regulating the IRF-1, Fas, and FasL genes.
    (Rac)-Indoximod
  • HY-18770B
    Navoximod
    		Inhibitor 99.99%
    Navoximod (GDC-0919; NLG-?919) is a potent IDO (indoleamine-(2,3)-dioxygenase) pathway inhibitor with Ki/EC50 of 7 nM/75 nM.
    Navoximod
  • HY-Y1322
    Triphenyl phosphate
    		Activator 99.67%
    Triphenyl phosphate is an orally active, blood-brain barrier-permeable aryl organophosphate flame retardant and endocrine disruptor. Triphenyl phosphate disrupts mitochondrial dynamic balance through oxidative stress, induces excessive mitophagy and apoptosis, and ultimately leads to myocardial fibrosis. In the brain, Triphenyl phosphate activates the NF-κB inflammatory pathway by disrupting the gut microbiota, alters tryptophan metabolism and elevates neurotoxins, thereby inducing anxiety- and depression-like behaviors. In the skeletal and reproductive systems, Triphenyl phosphate inhibits osteoblast differentiation and induces germ cell apoptosis by suppressing the MAPK/ERK pathway and activating the JNK signal, respectively. In adipose and placental tissues, Triphenyl phosphate promotes lipid accumulation by activating the PI3K/AKT-PPARγ axis, and disrupts placental metabolism via the MAOA/ROS/NF-κB cascade, impairing neurodevelopment of offspring.
    Triphenyl phosphate
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Species Source
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO) Isoform Comparison

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